The Species Survival Plan (SSP) population of Indian rhinoceros has prospered demographically, with an annual growth rate of about 4%. However, the genetic foundation and diversity of this population is limited and inadequate for long-term viability. In the past, the number of breeding pairs of Indian rhinoceros were restricted, largely due to behavioral incompatibility between rhinoceros pairs. Therefore, much of the captive population is represented by only a few lineages. In an effort to improve the genetic diversity of captive Indian rhinoceros, CREW scientists are developing a transcerivcal artificial insemination technique using the natural reproductive cycle of the female. Artificial insemination could help ensure a genetically healthy and self-sustaining population of captive Indian rhinoceros by making it possible to produce offspring from behaviorally incompatibile pairs and allowing new genetic material to introduced into captive populations globally.